Background and objectives: The regionalization is a suitable approach to reduce the cost of health services and to increase the number of patients covered by special services. Since the establishment of the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) needs expensive equipment and experts, it is critical to find the optimal number and location for NICU beds and referral networks. Methods: The geographical access to NICU beds was investigated by collecting the annual demand and the distance between cities at first. The demand consisted of the number of neonates that were born under 32 weeks of gestational age or having less than 1500 gram birth weight in one province of Iran. Next, the location of the available hospital has defined on the map. A maximizing coverage model was developed to find the optimal location for NICUs by ArcMap software. Scenarios of reducing NICU centers were built to simulate real situations for policymakers. Coverage and average traveled distances were then calculated for each scenario. The results were compared with the natural journey of pregnant women and the available distribution of resources in the province. Results: The results revealed that reducing the number of NICU centers has had no direct impact on average traveled distance. A comparison of the optimal result with the natural journey of pregnant women represented a long distance traveled. The data also showed that 64% of neonates were born outside of their residential cities, and 31% of them were born outside of their provinces, although the occupation rate of available NICU was less than 50% on average. Conclusion: The effect of reducing NICU centers on total coverage and average transportation was studied in this paper. The proposed methodology with the objective of equity in access can be used as a referral model to other resource allocation cases in health care.

Objective: This study emphasized the importance of providing equal access to rescue and emergency services for all individuals involved in road accidents, regardless of their geographical location or socioeconomic status.Methods: This study involved gathering data on the number of Iranian Red Crescent Society (IRCS) and Emergency Medical Services (EMS) stations in 31 provinces of Iran. It entailed calculating the Gini coefficient and creating the Lorenz curve to assess the station distribution. To present road traffic injuries (RTIs) mortality, Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), and prevalence in Iran from 1990 to 2019, the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 estimates were utilized.Results: The findings revealed that Tehran, Khorasan Razavi, Isfahan, Fars, and Khuzestan provinces were equipped with the most stations; whereas, Ilam, Semnan, and Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad had the fewest. The Gini coefficient for the distribution of RCS and EMS stations was found to be 0.23 and 0.38, respectively. Additionally, the study examined the prevalence, DALYs, and mortalities caused by road injuries across the 31 provinces and presented the findings in the form of a geographical representation.Conclusion: The results of this study highlighted the importance of ongoing efforts to ensure the equitable allocation of RCS and emergency services, with a particular emphasis on road accidents and disaster management scenarios.

With the emergence of the water crisis and its numerous consequences in Iran, researchers in various sciences have investigated the causes and offered solutions to prevent it, but most of them have not addressed the complex relations and interactions of the water sector with the wider social, political and economic systems. The present study is based on the idea that there are different perceptions about the water problem in Iran and this difference in meanings and perceptions has been effective in passing laws and adopting the country's water policies. Using the discourse analysis method and combining the approaches of Fairclough and Laclau/Moff, the semantic system of “,the equitable water distribution”,law was studied. The findings were presented in two parts: an analysis of the textual characteristics of the law and its connections to the economic, social, and political conditions of the society. The results showed that the law has been influenced by revolutionary values and conditions of the society in the early years after the victory of the Islamic Revolution. Ambiguity in the definition of concepts such as justice and public interests, disbelief in water resources constraints and imminent crisis, disbelief in nature’, s entity and living ecosystems, and neglect of citizens’,agency has made this law a non-equitable one that ignores the rights of nature and future generations.

Explaining the relationship between space and social inequality depends on a deep understanding of the nature of space which implies spatial segregation, and how the different levels of per capita green space in urban areas. The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that the distribution of green space use is not balanced among areas of Zanjan. Because the lack of central justice in the planning that has been done in the city has caused inequality in the amount of access to urban green space uses. The need to revise the managerial approach to more balanced distribution in urban areas of Zanjan increases. In this regard, the present study has been conducted for statistical analysis of all urban green spaces that are distributed in Zanjan. The results of these analyzes confirm the fact that the distribution of green spaces in the city of Zanjan. It has not been able to estimate equality of opportunity for all citizens because in the neighborhoods of the city, the amount of green space is not the same. Therefore, due to the significant difference in the urban areas of Zanjan in accessing the use of green space, urban management requires the creation, development and redistribution of green spaces and parks based on the needs of low-income areas.

Inequality in global wealth distribution has led to a growing gap between developing and developed countries with regards to income levels, consumption rates, and living standards. In view of that, the difference between these two groups of countries in terms of levels of knowledge and technology infrastructure, human capital, and innovation-based production has been cited as the main reason for inequality in the distribution of global wealth. The present study examines the effect of knowledge components on the inequality of global wealth distribution in the selected leading countries in science, implementing the approach of panel data and the use of generalized moment method for the period 2010-2017. The estimated results demonstrate that the effect of components of economic incentives, institutional regimes, and information and communication technology infrastructure on the inequality of global wealth distribution for the selected countries is negative and significant. Nonetheless, the effect of components of the innovation system, education, and development of human resources on the inequality of global wealth distribution is positive and significant. In addition, the effect of control variables, such as main globalization index and economic globalization, on the inequality of global wealth distribution for the selected countries is positive and significant; Also, the effect of social globalization and political globalization on the inequality of global wealth distribution is not significant.

According to Piketty’s point of view, the rate of income from wealth is always higher than the rate of economic growth, and the share of national income that belongs to capital is always more than the share of labor force. Therefore, inequality increases systematically and increasingly. The solution to this problem is to impose a maximum tax on wealth. Therefore, the tax on the components of wealth was imposed with the aim of reducing inequality. In Iran, this type of tax is collected from different components of wealth. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of investigating the impact of wealth tax on income distribution in Iran. For this purpose, a model was estimated in which the Gini coefficient was the dependent variable and the wealth tax and income tax were the independent variables along with the unemployment rate. Estimates were made using the time series data of 1991-2018 with the help of the Johansen-Juselius cointegration method. The results showed that there is a negative relationship between wealth tax and Gini coefficient. So that a one percent increase in wealth tax reduces inequality by 0.729 percent. The results showed that the speed of impact of wealth tax policies on income distribution is very slow, so that applying a change in wealth tax every year shows only 12% of the total impact on inequality.

The inequality of wealth distribution and production has been discussed in many researches; But the way of creating these inequalities and how to solve this problem has been investigated less in researches. In this context, one of the most important factors that has been less discussed in researches is how to deal with and solve this problem by the Islamic economic system. The purpose of this article is to examine the proposed variables of the Islamic economic system in the fair distribution of wealth and poverty relief. Analyzing and investigating the origin and position of poverty in the literature of conventional economics and Islamic economics, this research examines the parameters of the Islamic economic system in the field of equitable distribution of wealth and elimination of poverty. The present research has been done with the help of Islamic text analysis and rational method and using the desk-research technique. The findings of the research show that the proposed parameters of the Islamic system fall into three categories: establishment, reform and reserve parameters. Establishment parameters lead to increase in the income of the Islamic society and fair distribution of wealth, reserve parameters limit the concentration of wealth, and finally, correction parameters are used to correct the imbalance in the distribution of income and wealth and improve economic conditions. If these measures are applied, the problem of poverty and unfair distribution of wealth can be solved at the root.